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    • Via Chipset

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    VIA Technologies is perhaps the most prominent chipset manufacturer ever, at least outside of Intel.  VIA builds a variety of popular offerings for a variety of market segments, such as the Intel Pro133a and AMD KT-133a chipsets.  Early VIA offerings tended to offer poor performance as compared to true Intel and AMD counterparts, but recent initiatives by both end-users and motherboard manufacturers have moved forward with finding new ways to tweak these potentially powerful chipsets.  Most VIA performance tweaking is centered around increasing the available peak memory bandwidth, as this offers the most performance return as compared to default settings.

    Two different methods for chipset tweaking are readily available.  The BIOS process requires the user to change certain configuration values within the CMOS setup, assuming the motherboard manufacturer has chosen to implement these features into its particular BIOS design.  To contrast, a software method is also available assuming the system is operating with Win9x/ME or WinNT/2K.  Many users often find that a mixture of both approaches is needed to obtain the optimum in system performance, especially as some motherboard manufacturers often choose not to offer the ability to configure many of the advanced features within the BIOS structure required for maximum tweaking potential.

    The majority of tweaks and optimizations provided within this guide are specific to memory performance, thus it would prove most beneficial to determine the actual memory type and configuration within the particular system being operated upon.  The popular c'tSPD application is recommended for this task, as it can identify and return a variety of values for nearly all SD-RAM memory modules currently available with an onboard SPD chip.  Settings of particular interest for this guide include MHz operating ranges, CAS latency, and nanosecond refresh rates.

    BIOS Tweaking

    Recommended VIA BIOS Options

    Memory CAS Latency CAS latency determines the number of CPU wait states between column address operations, thus a lower number is better.  Most quality memory will operate at CAS 2, while the largest portion of cheaper generic memory often requires CAS 3 for stable oepration.
    DRAM Timing Adjust DRAM timing refers to the memory's operational speed in terms of nanoseconds.  Usual options are 7.5ns, 10ns, normal, fast, and turbo.  Turbo is recommended as this setting will offer the best performance, though lower-grade memory may have difficulty operating at this level.
    RAM Clock Speed Many VIA chipset boards offer the ability to configure the memory's operational frequency in relation to +/- 33 MHz (maybe listed at +/- PCI)  as compared to the front-side bus.  For 100 MHz bus processors,  it is recommended to set this option to HCLK+33 with PC-133 memory.  For 133 MHz bus processors, HCK or default is recommended, unless true PC-166 memory is be utilized.
    Read Around Write Read around write allows for the processor to bypass certain unneeded cache operations during specific bus transactions, thus lowering latency and possibly increasing bandwidth.  Recommended setting is enabled, though this setting is known to sometimes cause instabilities with video cards from nVidia.
    Memory Interleave Assuming SD-RAM greater than 16-megabit density is being utilized, then it is recommended to configure this setting to 4x.  Interleaving allows the chipset to memorize the location of upto 4 pages of memory for near instantaneous data retrieval.  
    Memory Serial Presence Detect SPD uses a chipset routine to communicate with a specialized controller found on many memory modules.  The SPD controller contains factory supplied information about the memory's various configurations (CAS, speed, etc.).  SPD is generally recommended for novice users, though many memory vendors choose to pre-configure lower performance settings to maintain optimum stability across multiple platforms.
    AGP Transfer Rate The AGP transfer rate should always be set to the maximum value which corresponds to the specific video card being utilized.  AGP 4x is supported by most current generation video accelerators.  The AGP transfer rate should only be lowered when troubleshooting possible system instabilities.
    AGP Fast Writes Fast writes allow the process to send certain graphics calls directly to the video card, thus bypassing the system memory and reducing system bandwidth usage.  Several popular cards, especially from nVidia, support this option.  Recommended setting is enabled if supported, assuming no video related stability problems exist.
    AGP Sideband Transfers SBA allows for additional video commands to be relied per AGP clock cycle.  Nearly all AGP 2x/4x video cards support this option.  The recommended setting is enabled for maximum graphics performance.
    Gate A20 Option Gate A20 refers to a specialized memory timing routine.  When set to normal, the timing signal is derived from the base clock of the keyboard controller circuitry.  When set to fast, the timing signal is derived from a chipset timing routine.  The recommended option for peak performance is fast for nearly all SD-RAM based configurations.

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